South Africa’s Vigilant Approach to Combating Financial Crime

Following South Africa’s financial greylisting by global financial crime watchdog, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for not fully complying with international standards around the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing, significant amendments have been made to the Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA).

These amendments mean that any business dealing with significant financial transactions (also known as accountable institutions) must carry out due diligence or risk penalties.

The same compliance requirements now apply to banks, estate agents, conveyancing attorneys, and vehicle dealerships which are also considered accountable institutions. This means that such businesses can be held liable for non-compliance.

Serious warning, take heed

The South African Reserve Bank’s Prudential Authority (PA) has already shown that this is no idle threat, with their decision to impose sanctions on a major South African bank for non-compliance with the Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC) Act, in that the institution had failed to timeously determine when a transaction was reportable in terms of the FIC Act.

The bank was issued with a reprimand and a directive to take remedial action, along with a financial penalty of R35 million.

Fighting financial crime

South Africa established the Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA) in 2001 to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.

Accountable institutions, such as accountants, banks, casinos, estate agents, legal practitioners, jewellers and money remitters must implement anti-money laundering measures, report suspicious transactions, and cooperate with FIC investigations.

Compliance is critical to reverse greylisting

“The shift to holding institutions accountable will not change. Enforcement will continue to increase to reverse the greylisting for insufficiently tackling illicit financial flows,” notes Sameer Kumandan, Managing Director of SearchWorks.

As such, compliance with FICA is essential to restoring the integrity of South Africa’s financial system in the wake of being greylisted, by helping to protect reputations, avoid penalties, and combat illicit activities.

As mentioned, non-compliance will lead to financial penalties, criminal prosecution, and reputational damage, making it essential for institutions to take robust steps to evidence their accountability.

The enhanced compliance requirements for accountable institutions in terms of FICA require such businesses to:

1. Perform customer due diligence (CDD): Accountable institutions are required to identify and verify the identity of their customers. This includes obtaining information such as the customer’s name, address, date of birth, and identity document number.
2. Report suspicious transactions: Accountable institutions are required to report any suspicious transactions to the Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC). A suspicious transaction is one that gives rise to a reasonable suspicion that it may involve money laundering or terrorist financing.
3. Implement anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing (AML/CFT) measures: Accountable institutions are required to implement AML/CFT measures to prevent and detect money laundering and terrorist financing. These measures may include:

• Maintaining records of customer transactions;
• Training staff on AML/CFT matters;
• Conducting internal audits; and
• Cooperating with the FIC’s investigations.